ID card issuance generally follows two main models: centralized issuance and distributed issuance. Traditionally, ID cards are produced at a central facility, typically in a provincial or state capital, before being distributed.
However, distributed issuance has become more common, allowing local administrative centers in cities or counties to issue cards directly. This approach significantly improves efficiency.
The issuance method choice depends on the document type and the policies of different countries and regions. Additionally, some documents, such as social security cards, can now be personalized via self-service kiosks, enabling applicants to complete the process independently and conveniently.
Key Aspects of ID Card Security and Personalization
The security level of ID cards is determined by several interconnected factors: graphic design, substrate materials, printing techniques, card manufacturing processes, and personalization methods.
Each step plays a critical role in ensuring the integrity and security of the document. Personalization methods vary and include:
- • Traditional printing
- • Laser printer printing
- • Direct-to-card (DTC) or retransfer printing using ID card printers
DTC prints directly on the card, offering speed and cost efficiency but limited durability. Retransfer printing uses a re-transfer film for higher quality, full coverage, and better durability. Click DTC and Re-Transfer Printing Cards to learn more.
- • Laser engraving
Among these, laser engraving is the most advanced and secure method due to its complexity and durability.
Traditional vs. Laser Personalization Methods
Traditional personalization typically involves printing personalized data on a card layer, followed by lamination and the application of optical security overlays.
A specialized approach is sometimes used for booklet-style documents: mirror-image printing on a book-type hologram heat transfer film, which is then transferred onto the document through lamination. This method is commonly used for seaman’s certificates.
However, personal data tampering and identity theft remain significant concerns in ID fraud. To address this, many countries and regions have adopted laser engraving technology, which is primarily used on polycarbonate (PC) cards.
Unlike traditional printing, laser-engraved data is embedded within the card layers, making alterations nearly impossible.
For PVC and PETG cards, personalization is usually applied through surface printing, followed by an additional security laminate for protection. In contrast, PC cards undergo direct laser engraving on the finished card, ensuring higher security.
Why Is Laser Personalization More Secure?
Laser personalization offers enhanced security due to the structural properties of polycarbonate cards.
1. Stronger Layer Fusion – Unlike PVC or PETG cards, which rely on adhesive bonding during lamination (typically at 130°C), polycarbonate (PC) cards are fused under high temperatures (around 180°C) and pressure. Since no glue is used, PC layers are inseparable once fused, making tampering nearly impossible.
2. Embedded Personalization – Laser engraving penetrates the second or third layer of the card, ensuring that personal data remains intact even if the card’s surface is damaged.
3. MLI/CLI Features – Laser technology also enables the integration of Multiple Laser Images (MLI) and Changeable Laser Images (CLI). These security features use lens-based technology to display different images when viewed from various angles, typically including a portrait and personal data.
One limitation of laser personalization is that it only produces monochrome images. However, its durability, tamper resistance, and high security make it the preferred method for government-issued ID cards, passports, and driver’s licenses.
Customized Security Solutions by Suzhou Image
Suzhou Image Technology(SZIMAGETECH) offers tailored security solutions for ID card personalization based on customer requirements, application scenarios, and cost considerations. Whether for PVC, PETG, or PC-based ID documents, we provide advanced anti-counterfeiting features to enhance security and reliability.
